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前言 Foreword
丹育猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，今日起转载当时丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《后备母猪管理指南》，敬请关注。
后备母猪的饲喂
为确保均匀的体况，必须要有足够的料槽。
To ensure uniform body condition, there must be enough feeding places for all the animals in the pen.
最优饲喂
Optimal Feeding
为了获得后备母猪最佳的生长和随后最佳的繁殖性能，应根据推荐来饲喂。参见后面的表格。
To obtain optimum growth and a subsequent optimal reproduction by the gilt there should be fed according to recommendations. See table on the back.
只要后备母猪处于平均的体况，那么饲喂策略对后备母猪第一次发情的时间几乎没有影响。
Feeding strategy has virtually no impact on when the gilts first heat occurs as long as the gilt is in an average body condition.
确保相同年龄的后备母猪体况均匀。
The gilts must be uniform in body condition and age.
原料的粉碎粒度和饲料结构（纤维）对胃肠道健康有积极的影响。
Gastrointestinal health is affected positively by the coarser grind and structure content in the feed.
建议后备母猪在30kg到130-140kg（7.5-8月龄，交配）期间的日增重控制在600-700g。
It is recommended that the gilts have a daily gain of 600 to 700 grams per day from 30 kg up to mating at 7,5 to 8 months. That means that the gilts weigh about 130-140 kg at mating.
体重达到60kg前，通过饲喂仔猪料和育肥料来优化骨骼强度，60kg后用哺乳母猪料。
Optimal bone strength is achieved by feeding of piglets and fattening mix up to approx. 60 kg, and hereafter lactating mix.
短期优饲对排卵数很重要，必须在配种前7-14天进行。
Flushing of gilts is important for the number of loosened eggs, and must be practiced 7-14 days before mating.
采食和饮水区卫生条件差，会引起问题。
Lack of hygiene around feed and water allocation causes problems.
后备母猪饲喂常见问题
Traps in Feeding of Gilts
1、饲料的卫生条件差。
Feed hygiene is poor.
2、争夺饲料会导致后备母猪体况不均匀。
Competition for feed may lead to uneven gilts.
3、60kg后的自由采食会导致后备母猪生长过快和体型过大。
Ad libitum feeding from 60 kg provides too high growth and too big gilts.
4、在大的群体中，由于刚配种的后备母猪和其他母猪一起饲喂，所以饲喂量不能减少，会增加胚胎的死亡风险。
In large groups where newly mated gilts must go with other gilts, the mated gilts are not adjusted down on feed and thus the risk of fetal mortality is increased.
5、喂料系统和猪舍设计的现状，导致不能实施标准和推荐的饲喂方式。
Conditions by the feed system and housing design mean that the standards and recommendations for feeding cannot be maintained.
6、从断奶到配种期间，后备母猪对镰孢菌很敏感。
Gilts are very sensitive to Fusarium toxins in the period from weaning to mating.
补充信息
Additional Comments
后备母猪的第一次发情主要取决于年龄，只在极少的情况下受饲喂的影响。
The gilts first heat is mainly determined by age, and is only in extreme cases affected by feeding.
如果群养后备母猪，它们在转入时需年龄一致且体况均匀，这样易于控制饲喂，特别是60kg以后。单独饲喂对群体中的后备母猪不可行，因为在饲喂系统中很容易出现饲料的争夺。饲喂的次数（两次间隔半个小时）、能量的高低和秸秆的投喂是较好的管理措施。饲喂结构（纤维）丰富的饲料，可减少采食频率和争斗。后备母猪能较快获得饱腹感，且持续时间更长。
If the gilts are in groups, they must be in uniform body condition and age at insertion so that one can control the feeding, especially after 60 kg. Individually feeding is not possible when the gilts are housed in groups, since there easily could occur competition in feeding situations. Number of feeding (2 feeding with a half hour interval) and energy content in the feed mix is good regulatory options together with the allocation of straw. Feeding with structure rich feed reduces eating rate and hence competition. Gilts will be filled faster and satiety lasts longer.
大比例的大麦或燕麦可丰富饲料结构（纤维）。饲料较粗的粉碎粒度可减少胃变化的频率，同时也使饲料转化率减少10%，但这可被视为对一头好母猪的投资。参见本手册后备母猪饲料结构的内容。
A greater proportion of barley and possibly oats increases the structural content of the feed. Coarse grinding of the feed decreases the frequency of gastric changes, but it also reduces feed efficiency by up to 10 %, which must be seen as an investment in a good sow life. See handbook page of feed structure to gilts.
饲喂影响后备母猪的生长。较高的日增重会造成腿部和体质发育不佳。必须将获得后备母猪的最佳体重作为指导方针，这样可根据最佳生长来进行饲喂。
Feeding influences the gilts strength. High daily gain in gilts will give a poorer leg strength and constitution. Ideal weight for gilts must be used as a guideline so that the gilts are fed to the ideal growth.
给30-60kg的后备母猪饲喂育肥料，能获得最佳的 骨骼强度。超出标准含量的矿物质不会增加骨骼 强度和使用寿命。
The gilts must have ?nisher mix from 30 to 60 kg to achieve optimal bone strength. Allocation of minerals other than the norms does not increase the bone strength and durability.
登记完第一次发情后，在第二次发情前7-14天进 行适当的短期优饲，即每天每头母猪的饲喂量为3.4-4.0个饲料单位。在短期优饲期间，最好将配 种后的母猪和没有配种的母猪分别饲养，因为高饲喂量会减少孕酮的水平，从而增加胚胎的死亡率。配种后的母猪每天饲喂2.5-2.8个饲料单位。
Proper ?ushing starts with registration of the ?rst heat. When the time of the second heat is known, put the feed strength up to 3,5-4,0 FU per day per gilt, 7-14 days before mating. During ?ushing newly mated gilts may not be housed with gilts that are not mated, since high feed strength reduces the amount of progesterone, which increases the risk of fetal mortality. Newly mated gilts are fed 2,5-2,8 FU per day.
关于恩邦
山东恩邦农牧发展有限公司成立于2015年12月，是一家以标准化、规范化、产业化为导向的现代科技农牧企业。公司业务已涵盖美系猪育种、商品猪养殖、动物营养研究、饲料加工、动保产品代理等，是山东省饲料行业协会理事单位、山东省生猪产销协会副会长单位。
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